IMPORTANT INFORMATION
PROPERTIES OF GEMSTONES
DIAMOND
Color : colorless, yellow, brown, green, blue, red, black. Hardness : 10 Specific gravity : 3.47 - 3.55 Refractive index : 2.417 - 2.419
RUBY [ corundum ]
Color : red Hardness : 9 Specific gravity :3.97 - 4.05 Refractive index : 1.766 - 1.774
SAPHIRE [ corundum ]
Hardness : 9 Color : blue, green, pink, yellow, orange, purple, black. Specific gravity : 3.99 - 4.00 Refractive index : 1.766 - 1.774
EMERALD [ beryl ]
Color : emerald green, light green, yellow green, dark green. Hardness : 7 1/2 - 8 Specific gravity : 2.67 - 2.78 Refractive index : 1.576 - 1.582
AQUAMARINE [ beryl ]
Color : light blue, blue, blue green Hardness : 7 1/2 - 8 Specific gravity : 2.67 - 2.71 Refractive index : 1.577 - 1.583
BERYL
Color : golden beryl, green yellow, brown. Hardness : 7 1/2 - 8 Specific gravity : 2.65 - 2.75 Refractive index : 1.570 -1.600
ALEXANDRITE [ chrysoberyl ]
Color : green in daylight, and red in artificial light [ color change ] Hardness : 8 1/2 Specific gravity :3.70 - 3.72 Refractive index :1.744 - 1,755
CRYSOBERYL
Color : golden yellow, green yellow, brown. Hardness : 8 1/2 Specific gravity : 3.70 - 3.72 Refractive index : 1.744 - 1.755
SPINEL
Color : red, pink, violet, blue, orange, dark green, black. Hardness : 8 Specific gravity : 3.58 - 3.61 Refractive index : 1.712 - 1.736
TOPAZ
Color : colorless, yellow, red, brown,light blue, pink. Hardness : 8 Specific gravity : 3.53 - 3.56 Refractive index : 1.610 - 1.638
GARNET AND GARNET GROUP
PYROPE
Color : red with brown tint Hardness : 7 - 7 1/2 Specific gravity : 3.65 - 3.80 Refractive index : 1.730 - 1.760
ALMANDINE [ garnet ]
Color : red with a violet tint. Specific gravity : 3.95 - 4.20 Refractive index : 1.78 - 181
SPESSARTITE [ garnet ]
Hardness : 7 - 7 1/2 Color : orange to red brown. Specific gravity : 4.12 - 4.20 Refractive index : 1.795 - 1.815
TZAVORITE [ garnet ]
Color : green, yellowish green. Hardness : 7 - 7 1/2 Specific gravity : 3.60 - 3.68 Refractive index : 1.738 -1745
HESSONITE [ garnet ]
Color : yellow, orange, brown-orange Hardness : 7 - 7 1/2 Specific gravity : 3.60 - 3.68 Refractive index : 1.738 - 1.745
DEMANTOID [ garnet ]
Color : green, emerald green Hardness : 6 1/2 - 7 Specific gravity : 3.82 -3.85 Refractive index : 1.888 - 1.889
ZIRCON
Color : colorless, yellow, brown, orange, red, blue, green, violet. Hardness : 6 1/2 - 7 1/2 Specific gravity : 3.90 - 4.71 Refractive index : 1.777 - 1.987
TOURMALINE
Color : colorless, pink, red, yellow, green, blue, violet, brown, Hardness : 7 - 7 1/2 Specific gravity : 3.02 - 3.26 Refractive index : 1.616 - 1.652
KUNZITE [ spodume ]
Color : pink, violet, light violet Hardness : 6 - 7 Specific gravity : 3.16 - 3.20 Refractive index : 1.655 - 1.680
ROCK CRYSTAL
Color : colorless. Hardness : 7 Specific gravity : 2.65 Refractive index : 1.544 - 1.553
AMETHYST [ quartz ]
Color : purple, deep purple light purple. Hardness : 7 Specific gravity : 2.63 - 2.65 Refractive index : 1.544 - 1.553
CITRINE [ quartz ]
Color : light yellow to gold brown Hardness : 7 Specific gravity : 2.65 Refractive index : 1.544 - 1.553
PRASIOLITE [ quartz ]
Color : leek green. Hardness : 7 Specific gravity : 2.65 Refractive index : 1.544 - 1.553
ROSE QUARTZ [ quartz ]
Color : strong pink, pale pink Hardness : 7 Specific gravity : 2.65 Refractive index : 1.544 - 1.553
CHALCEDONY [ quartz ]
Color : bluish, white, gray. Hardness : 6 1/2 - 7 Specific gravity : 2.58 -2.64 Refractive index : 1.530 - 1.539
CORNELIAN [ quartz ]
Color : flesh red to brown red Hardness : 6 1/2 - 7 Specific gravity : 2.58 - 2.64 Refractive index : 1.530 - 1.539
CHRYSOPRASE [ quartz ]
Color : green, apple green Hardness : 6 1/2 - 7 Specific gravity : 2.58 - 2.64 Refractive index : 1.530 - 1.539
AGATE
MOSS AGATE DENDRITIC AGATE [ quartz group ]
Color : from colorless with different colors inclusions, and tree like inclusions Hardness : 6 1/2 - 7 Specific gravity : 2.58 - 262 Refractive index : 1.54 - 1.55
OPAL [ quartz group ]
color : white, gray, green, orange, red, transparent,. Hardness : 5 1/2 - 6 1/2 Specific gravity : 1.98 - 2.20 Refractive index : 1.44 - 1.46
JADE
JADEITE
Color : green, light green, reddish, brown, lavender,yellow, black. Hardness : 6 1/2 - 7 Specific gravity : 3.30 - 3.36 Refractive index : 1.654 - 1.667
NEPRITE - JADE
Color : green, gray, yellowish, reddish brown Hardness : 6 1/2 - 6 1/2 Specific gravity : 2.90 - 3.02 Refractive index 1.600 - 1.627
PERIDOT
Color : yellow- green,olive green,brownish green. Hardness : 6 1/2 - 7 Specific gravity : 3.27 -3.37 Refractive index : 1.654 - 1.690
TANZANITE
Color : sapphire blue-amethyst,violet. Hardness : 6 1/2 - 7 Specific gravity : 3.35 Refractive index ; 1.691 - 1.700
MOONSTONE [ feldspar ]
Color : colorless - yellow - pale sheen Hardness : 6 - 6 1/2 Specific gravity : 2.56 - 2.62 Refractive index : 1.522 - 1.530
TURQUOISE
Color : sky blue - blue green - apple green. Hardness ; 5 - 6 Specific gravity : 2.60 - 2.80 Refractive index : 1.61 -1.65
IOLITE
Color : blue in various hues. Hardness : 7 - 7 1/2 Specific gravity : 2.58 -2.66 Refractive index ; 1.53 - 1.55
AMBER
Color : light yellow to brown red - milky white - blue - black - greenish Hardness : 2 - 2 1/2 Specific gravity : 1.05 - 1.09 Refractive index : 1.54
CORAL
Color : red - pink - black - blue. Hardness : 3 - 4 Specific gravity : 2.6 - 2.7 Refractive index : 1.486 - 1.658
IVORY
Color : white - creamy. Hardness : 2 - 3 Specific gravity : 1.7 - 2.0 Refractive index : 1.54
PEARL
Color : pink - silver - cream - golden - green - blue - black. Hardness : 3 - 4 Specific gravity : 2.60 - 2.78 Refractive index : 1.52 - 1.66